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Answer :
A patient with portal hypertension has been admitted to the medical floor. The nurse assess for related to portal hypertension is the patient's history for signs of liver disease, previous liver injuries, and portal vein occlusions.
The liver is the major organ that controls the blood flow through the portal vein to the rest of the body, it is a crucial organ since it detoxifies and filters the blood, metabolizes drugs and nutrients, and synthesizes proteins that aid in clotting. Portal hypertension occurs when the blood pressure in the portal vein system rises above normal. Increased resistance within the hepatic circulation is the most common cause of portal hypertension. In patients with portal hypertension, the following symptoms may occur gastrointestinal hemorrhage, melena or hematochezia may occur as a result of esophageal varices or gastritis.
Hematemesis can be caused by bleeding from esophageal varices or gastritis. Ascites, fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity caused by an accumulation of ascitic fluid and it can cause bloating, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. Hepatic encephalopathy is a type of neuropsychiatric impairment that affects patients with liver disease. This condition can cause lethargy, confusion, and in the later stages, coma or death. Portal hypertension is caused by many factors, some of which are avoidable, while others are not. The most common factors that cause portal hypertension include cirrhosis, hepatitis, and thrombosis or occlusion of the portal vein system, so therefore, the nurse will assess the patient's history for signs of liver disease, previous liver injuries, and portal vein occlusions.
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Final answer:
When assessing a patient with portal hypertension, the nurse will look for signs such as high blood pressure, liver enlargement, varices, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy.
Explanation:
When assessing a patient with portal hypertension, the nurse will look for a variety of signs and symptoms related to this condition. Some of the assessments include:
- Measuring blood pressure: Portal hypertension can cause an increase in blood pressure in the portal vein, leading to high blood pressure in the veins throughout the body.
- Checking for signs of liver enlargement: Portal hypertension often results from liver disease, such as cirrhosis, which can cause the liver to become enlarged.
- Monitoring for signs of varices: Portal hypertension can cause the development of varicose veins in the esophagus or stomach, which can potentially lead to bleeding.
- Assessing for ascites: Portal hypertension can cause fluid to accumulate in the abdomen, resulting in ascites.
- Checking for signs of hepatic encephalopathy: Portal hypertension can affect the liver's ability to remove toxins from the bloodstream, potentially leading to neurological symptoms.
