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Answer :
Final Answer:
The output pathway of the hypothalamus associated with cortisol is neuroendocrine pathway, which regulates the release of cortisol through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thus the correct option is b.
Explanation:
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including the secretion of hormones like cortisol. Cortisol, often referred to as the ""stress hormone,"" is primarily associated with the neuroendocrine pathway within the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
1. Neurendocrine Pathway: The neuroendocrine pathway is responsible for the release of hormones into the bloodstream in response to signals from the hypothalamus. In the case of cortisol, the process begins with the hypothalamus detecting stress or low blood glucose levels. The hypothalamus then releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which signals the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH, in turn, stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol.
2. Parvocellular Pathway: The parvocellular pathway, mentioned as option (c), is involved in the release of other hormones but not cortisol. It primarily regulates the release of hormones related to growth and reproduction.
3. Autonomic Pathway and Dorsolateral Pathway: These pathways are not directly associated with hormone regulation. The autonomic pathway is involved in regulating involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion, while the dorsolateral pathway is not a recognized pathway in the context of hypothalamic hormone regulation.
In summary, cortisol secretion is primarily controlled by the neuroendocrine pathway of the hypothalamus within the HPA axis. This pathway responds to stress and regulates cortisol production, which has widespread effects on the body's metabolism, immune response, and stress response.
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