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Answer :
Boron is classified as a 3) metalloid.
In its elemental state, boron has a luster similar to that of metals, but unlike metals, it does not easily form simple cations and usually conducts electricity poorly, unless under certain conditions where it can act as a semiconductor. Semiconductors are extremely important in various industries as they form the basis for electronic devices like computers and smartphones.
Boron shares similarities with its neighboring elements carbon and silicon, particularly in forming covalent compounds. However, due to its unique electron structure (2s²2p¹), boron often exhibits different oxidation states which are not common in metals or nonmetals.
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Final answer:
Boron is a metalloid with properties between metals and nonmetals, useful as a semiconductor in electronics. Its electron configuration allows for unconventional oxidation states and covalent bonding, while borosilicates offer heat resistance in various applications.
Explanation:
Boron: Is it a Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid?
Boron is classified as a metalloid, which means it has properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Metalloids, including boron, have a metallic luster but do not form cations easily and usually conduct electricity poorly. However, they can become conductors under certain conditions, a characteristic that makes them valuable as semiconductors in the electronics industry.
Boron's atomic number is 5, and it has a unique electron configuration of 2s²2p¹, which results in the ability to form unusual oxidation states and covalent compounds, somewhat similar to its diagonal neighbor silicon.
Why is it difficult to classify an element as a metalloid based solely on its properties? Metalloids exhibit a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties, making them hard to categorize without a specific definition or context.
Moreover, silicon's extensive use in electronics is due to its semiconductive properties, allowing it to efficiently control the flow of electricity in devices. Lastly, borosilicates are used for their durability and heat resistance, commonly found in laboratory glassware and cookware.
