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Answer :
Final answer:
Fish, as the earliest vertebrates, are characterized by their diverse categorizations, sensory systems, and particularities like skeletal structure or electricity generation. Major groups include the jawless fishes and the ray-finned fishes. These animals have long astonished humans with their unique abilities and adaptations.
Explanation:
Fish are a fascinating and diverse group in the animal kingdom. They are considered the earliest vertebrates, with an estimated 31,000 species in existence today. One notable group of fish includes the jawless fishes, such as the hagfishes and lampreys, which have a distinct cranium and complex sense organs, including eyes.
Fishes have an ossified skeleton with specialized bone cells that produce and maintain a calcium phosphate matrix. Some fish, like sturgeons and paddlefishes, are exceptions, having primarily cartilaginous skeletons.
Fishes' skin is often covered in overlapping scales, with skin glands that secrete mucus to reduce swimming drag and aid in osmoregulation. The ability of fishes to locate prey is often dependent on their sensitive and specialized sensory systems, which includes the lateral line system used for detecting vibrations in water and taste cells distributed in various parts of the body.
The ray-finned fishes, also known as Actinopterygii, include many familiar species like tuna, bass, trout, and salmon, characterized by a fan of slender bones that support their fins. Interestingly, animals such as electric fish produce and detect electric fields, which is used for hunting, defense, navigation, communication, and mating.
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