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Answer :
Final answer:
Precision instrument runways offer horizontal position guidance to planes on instrument approach, equipped with systems like the Instrument Landing System (ILS) for precise landing directives under limited visibility. The correct answer is a).
Explanation:
The question is asking which type of runway provides horizontal position guidance to planes on instrument approach.
Precision instrument runways are equipped with both horizontal (lateral) and vertical guidance for aircraft approaching under instrument flight rules (IFR), mainly through the Instrument Landing System (ILS) or other precision approach systems.
Nonprecision instrument runways, by contrast, offer only horizontal guidance, lacking precise vertical guidance features. Visual runways and visual approach runways rely primarily on the pilot's ability to maintain visual contact with the runway, providing no instrument-based horizontal or vertical guidance.
Precision instrument runways are critical for safe landings in poor visibility conditions, ensuring pilots have accurate, real-time information on their horizontal alignment with the runway centerline. This system significantly enhances safety and efficiency in commercial and private aviation, particularly under challenging weather conditions.
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