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What is the relationship between the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold and the number of elements in each period of the periodic table?

Answer :

Final answer:

The maximum number of electrons each shell can hold influences how many elements are present in each period of the periodic table. As shells are filled according to specific rules, this filling pattern correlates with the structure of the periodic table. For instance, the first period consists of 2 elements filling the first shell, while later periods contain more elements reflecting a greater number of filled shells and subshells.


Explanation:

Relationship Between Electron Shells and Elements in the Periodic Table

The arrangement of elements in the periodic table is closely linked to the concept of electron shells, also known as energy levels. Each shell can hold a certain maximum number of electrons, which in turn affects the number of elements that can fit into each period of the periodic table.

Maximum Number of Electrons in Shells

The maximum number of electrons that each shell can hold follows a specific pattern:

  1. The first shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons.
  2. The second shell can hold up to 8 electrons.
  3. The third shell also holds up to 8 electrons initially, but can accommodate up to 18 electrons when including the higher subshells.

The outermost shell of atoms generally accommodates a maximum of 8 electrons following the octet rule, which significantly influences the chemical properties of elements, particularly in bonding and reactivity.

Periodic Table and Electron Filling

The periodic table is arranged in periods (horizontal rows) that correspond to the number of electron shells present in the elements of that period. For instance:

  • The first period contains 2 elements (hydrogen and helium), filling the first shell (2 electrons).
  • The second and third periods each contain 8 elements, filling the second and third shells (up to 8 electrons).
  • The fourth period has 18 elements, reflecting the filling of the 4th, 3d, and 4p subshells.

Thus, the relationship between the maximum number of electrons in each shell and the number of elements in each period highlights how the electron configuration dictates the structure of the periodic table, illustrating both the inertness of elements with full outer shells and the potential for bonding in those with incomplete shells.


Learn more about Electron Configuration here:

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