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Josiah invests [tex]\$360[/tex] into an account that accrues [tex]3\%[/tex] interest annually. Assuming no deposits or withdrawals are made, which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, [tex]y[/tex], after [tex]x[/tex] years?

A. [tex]y = 360(1.3)^x[/tex]
B. [tex]y = 360(0.3)^x[/tex]
C. [tex]y = 360(0.03)^x[/tex]
D. [tex]y = 360(1.03)^x[/tex]

Answer :

Josiah's account earns an annual interest rate of [tex]\(3\%\)[/tex], which as a decimal is [tex]\(0.03\)[/tex]. When interest is compounded annually, the account balance after [tex]\(x\)[/tex] years is found using the compound interest formula:

[tex]$$
y = P(1 + r)^x,
$$[/tex]

where:
- [tex]\(P\)[/tex] is the principal amount,
- [tex]\(r\)[/tex] is the interest rate (as a decimal),
- [tex]\(x\)[/tex] is the number of years, and
- [tex]\(y\)[/tex] is the amount after [tex]\(x\)[/tex] years.

For this problem:
- [tex]\(P = 360\)[/tex],
- [tex]\(r = 0.03\)[/tex].

Thus, the compound factor is:

[tex]$$
1 + r = 1 + 0.03 = 1.03.
$$[/tex]

Substituting into the formula gives:

[tex]$$
y = 360(1.03)^x.
$$[/tex]

This matches the fourth option:

[tex]$$
y = 360(1.03)^x.
$$[/tex]

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