**GEOGRAPHY GRADE 12 FIRST SEMESTER MODEL EXAMINATION 2017 E.C/2025**

**TIME ALLOWED:** 2 HOURS

**Instructions:**

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is true about the Big Bang theory on the origin of the earth?
- A. The earth was formed by a creator some 6000 years ago.
- B. The earth was formed due to the transformation of liquid into solid.
- C. Cosmic contraction caused the formation of the earth.
- D. Earth was created from the explosion of gas and dust particles.

2. In what condition can the overlying rock layer be younger than the lower layer of rock?
- A. When the lower rock layer has lower density.
- B. When the upper layer is a sedimentary rock.
- C. When the lower rock layer cross-cuts another rock layer.
- D. When the rocks are laid horizontally by gravity.

3. The biggest division of age of the earth is:
- A. Era
- B. Eon
- C. Period
- D. Epoch

4. What was the major geologic event of the Precambrian Era?
- A. Mountain building process.
- B. Formation of the Rift valley.
- C. Emergence of mammals.
- D. Rising and sinking of landmass.

5. The earliest form of life on earth is believed to have occurred during:
- A. Precambrian Era
- B. Cenozoic Era
- C. Mesozoic Era
- D. Paleozoic Era

6. What was the major reason for the extinction of some mammals in some localities during the Cenozoic era?
- A. Widespread hunting by human beings.
- B. Occurrence of heavy rainfall and glaciation.
- C. Expansion of contagious animal diseases.
- D. Longstanding process of volcanism.

7. Which of the following is true about the water containment of the earth?
- A. Oceans and seas contain the majority of earth's water.
- B. More water is contained in rivers and lakes than in the ground.
- C. Freshwater is more abundant on earth than alkaline water.
- D. Water in the form of vapor is more abundant than in oceans and seas.

8. Which of the following is true about the African continent?
- A. The largest part of the continent is found in the southern hemisphere.
- B. It is the third largest continent in the world next to the Asian continent.
- C. It is the only continent crossed by the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, and Capricorn.
- D. It lies entirely in the eastern hemisphere of the earth.

9. The driest inhabited continent in the world is:
- A. Africa
- B. Antarctica
- C. Australia
- D. Asia

10. Why does the Indian Ocean have the warmest surface temperature?
- A. Because of its closest distance to dry land.
- B. Because of its proximity to the equator.
- C. Because of its largest area coverage.
- D. Because of frequent volcanic activity in it.

11. What is Panthalassa?
- A. The single biggest water body.
- B. The deepest sea on earth.
- C. The smallest geologic time scale.
- D. The coolest continent on earth.

12. What was the basis for ancient Greeks' global climate classification?
- A. Distribution of rainfall.
- B. Wind speed and direction.
- C. Data accumulation on climate.
- D. The Earth-Sun relationship.

13. In the Simplified Köppen's climatic classification, which climatic type has no real winter season?
- A. Tropical climate
- B. Meso-thermal climate
- C. Micro-thermal climate
- D. Polar climate

14. Which of the following is a characteristic of the mid-latitude desert climate region?
- A. High relative humidity
- B. Low cloud cover
- C. High precipitation
- D. Low average monthly temperature

15. Where does the Polar Ice Cap climate mainly prevail?
- A. Australia and Asia
- B. Middle East and North Africa
- C. Africa and Europe
- D. Greenland and Antarctica

16. Seasonal variation of global climatic conditions is mainly caused by:
- A. Latitude
- B. Altitude
- C. Distance from the sea
- D. Cloud cover

17. Why do inland locations have a wider temperature range than coastal locations? This is because:
- A. They have invariable temperature conditions.
- B. They heat up and cool down more quickly.
- C. Isolation from the sun.
- D. They retain heat for a long period of time.