1. Which layer of the atmosphere is the coldest?
A. Thermosphere
B. Mesosphere
C. Stratosphere
D. Troposphere

2. Which one of the following is a limestone column that grows upward from the floor of a cave?
A. Stalactite
B. Stalagmite
C. Pillar
D. Erosion

3. One of the following is the most dangerous erosion:
A. Sheet erosion
B. Rill erosion
C. Gully erosion
D. Wind erosion

4. Which one of the following is the deposition of fertile soil in the desert by wind?
A. Sand dune
B. Barchan
C. Loess deposit
D. Scree

5. Which one of the following processes of heat transfer occurs due to differences in density and moves through gases?
A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Radiation
D. Rainfall

6. The process by which ice changes directly into water vapor:
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Transpiration
D. Sublimation

7. What occurs when moist air is forced to rise over mountains?
A. Relief rainfall
B. Convectional rainfall
C. Frontal rainfall

8. Which one of the following combinations is correctly matched?
A. Folding - Rift valley
B. Faulting - Anticline
C. Volcanism - Caldera
D. Folding - Batholith

9. Which layer of the atmosphere contains a high concentration of ozone?
A. Stratosphere
B. Thermosphere
C. Troposphere
D. Mesosphere

10. Which fold mountain is found in Asia?
A. Himalayas
B. Atlas
C. Alps
D. Cape Ranges

11. Which one of the following refers to tertiary economic activities?
A. Processing raw materials
B. Producing final goods
C. Extraction of resources
D. The provision of services

12. What is the major export product of Ethiopia?
A. Tea
B. Textile
C. Coffee
D. Cereal

13. The amount of goods that buyers are willing and able to buy is called:
A. Supply
B. Demand
C. Surplus
D. Stock

14. Which type of trade involves the purchase of goods manufactured domestically?
A. Entrepot
B. Export
C. Local trade

15. Which one of the following is internal trade?
A. Surplus
B. Shortage
C. Retail trade
D. Smokeless industry

16. The bending of the land surface due to internal forces is called:
A. Faulting
B. Folding
C. Volcanism
D. Earthquakes

17. One of the following is a point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake:
A. Fissure
B. Equinox
C. Epicenter
D. Focus

18. Magma that has reached the surface of the earth is called:
A. Magma
B. Lava
C. Fissure
D. Focus

19. Which one of the following is a sand hill that has a crescent moon shape?
A. Lava
B. Scree
C. Barchan
D. Rift valley

20. Which one of the following is a depression between two parallel faults?
A. Fissure
B. Lava
C. Barchan
D. Rift valley

21. One of the following is the process of making a forest where none previously existed:
A. Conservation
B. Afforestation
C. Deforestation
D. Cutting

22. Which one of the following involves constructing stair-like structures along a hillside to reduce water flow?
A. Wildlife
B. Natural resources
C. Terracing
D. Sanctuary

23. Means planting new trees where none existed before:
A. Crop rotation
B. Strip cropping
C. Reforestation
D. Afforestation

24. All are factors influencing the utilization of natural resources except:
A. Overpopulation
B. Pollution
C. Poor farming
D. Proper use of land

25. Which one of the following is a consequence of unwise utilization of natural resources?
A. Soil fertility
B. Crop rotation
C. Terracing
D. Water shortage