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Answer :
Final answer:
The mining technique used when minerals are near the Earth's surface is called surface mining. This method includes techniques like open-pit and strip mining. In contrast, subsurface mining is used for deeper minerals.
Explanation:
Understanding Mining Techniques
When minerals are located near the Earth's surface, the mining technique used is called surface mining. This method involves removing the overburden (the soil and rock above the mineral) to access the minerals directly. Surface mining is typically less expensive and safer compared to subsurface mining and is used for minerals such as coal, sand, gravel, and more.
Some common techniques under surface mining include:
- Open-pit mining - Involves digging a large pit in the ground to extract minerals.
- Strip mining - Used mostly for coal, where strips of soil and rock are removed to uncover the mineral.
In contrast, subsurface mining is reserved for minerals located deeper underground, typically requiring tunnels or shafts for extraction. Other options like reclamation refer to restoring the land after mining, while asteroid mining pertains to extracting resources from asteroids in space, which is a more futuristic concept.
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