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Answer :
Final answer:
The process described is known as strip mining, which involves removing layers of soil and rock to access minerals. Strip mining is a type of surface mining specifically for resources near the Earth's surface. It differs from subsurface mining, which occurs deeper underground.
Explanation:
Extraction Methods of Mineral and Energy Resources
The extraction of mineral and energy resources near Earth's surface by first removing the soil, subsoil, and overlying rock strata is known as strip mining. This method is commonly used for minerals that are located relatively close to the surface, such as coal, copper, and sand. In strip mining, large areas of land are cleared, and layers of soil and rock are removed to expose the resource beneath.
Surface mining is a broader term that encompasses strip mining, but it also includes other methods such as open-pit mining. In contrast, subsurface mining occurs deeper underground and requires shafts or tunnels. Horizontal mining isn’t a widely accepted term in the mining industry.
Examples of Surface Mining Techniques
- Strip Mining: Removal of strips of soil and rock layers.
- Open-Pit Mining: Creation of a large pit to extract minerals.
- Mountaintop Removal Mining: Overlying rock is blasted away to access resources.
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