What is spina bifida, and what exactly does it entail?

Question

14-03-2024
Medicine

College

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What is spina bifida, and what exactly does it entail?

Answer :

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harry510 harry510 · Answer 1 · 2024-08-03T02:46:34-04:00

Final answer:

Spina bifida is a severe neural tube defect occurring when the spinal column doesn't fully close in early pregnancy, leading to complications such as paralysis, learning difficulties, and hydrocephalus. It ranges from mild to severe, classified into spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele, respectively. Treatment includes surgery and physiotherapy, while risk reduction is possible with prenatal folic acid intake.

Explanation:

Understanding Spina Bifida

Spina bifida is a disabling birth defect notable within the United States, classifying as a significant neural tube defect. It occurs due to the incomplete closure of the fetal spinal column within the first month of pregnancy. This developmental disorder can lead to various complications including nerve damage, paralysis, learning difficulties, urinary and bowel issues, and hydrocephalus.

Types of Spina Bifida

Spina Bifida Occulta: The mildest form, usually without symptoms as the spinal cord remains unaffected.
Meningocele: The meninges protrude through the spine, possibly without nerve involvement.
Myelomeningocele: The most severe form, involving protrusion of the meninges and nerves, leading to substantial neurological symptoms.

Treatment and Prevention

While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing complications through surgery, medication, and physiotherapy. The risk of developing spina bifida can be significantly reduced by taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy.