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Answer :
Final answer:
Hypernatremia is characterized by blood sodium levels above 150 mEq/L and can cause symptoms such as dehydration, muscular cramps, and headache. Severe cases may lead to brain damage or death.
Explanation:
The signs and symptoms of hypernatremia (an abnormal increase of blood sodium) include an increase in blood sodium levels typically above 145 milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L). Specifically, a sodium level above 150 mEq/L is indicative of hypernatremia. This condition can arise from water loss from the blood, which causes the concentration of sodium to rise.
Signs and symptoms may include dehydration, muscular cramps, edema, headache, nausea, and diarrhea, and in severe cases, can lead to brain damage or death due to the swelling of brain cells. It is important to note that hypernatremia is different from hyponatremia, which is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, specifically below 135 mEq/L.
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