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Selective incapacitation is based on the idea that a small number of offenders are responsible for most crimes, suggesting that targeting high-risk individuals for incarceration can be more effective and cost-efficient. This approach contrasts with broad policies of mass incarceration, which may not significantly reduce crime rates. Proper identification of high-risk offenders can help allocate resources to enhance public safety effectively.
Explanation:
The Concept of Selective Incapacitation
The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the belief that a small number of people are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent and property crimes. This idea suggests that instead of incarcerating all offenders, the criminal justice system should focus on identifying and incarcerating those individuals who pose the highest risk to public safety, mainly due to their criminal histories. By doing so, resources can be allocated more effectively and the overall crime rate can potentially be reduced.
Research indicates that certain offenders, such as habitual or serious violent criminals, are responsible for most crimes committed. For example, studies have shown that a relatively small percentage of the population accounts for a large majority of offenses, which supports the notion of targeted incarceration. This contrasts sharply with broader approaches that suggest all offenders should serve long sentences, expense that does not necessarily correlate with a significant drop in total crime rates.
Moreover, the approach to selective incapacitation can offer a more economical option for the state, as locking up fewer individuals for longer times may not yield proportional benefits regarding public safety. As discussed in various criminological studies, focusing on high-risk individuals can better protect communities and efficiently use corrections budgets that might be better spent on prevention and rehabilitation programs.
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