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Answer :
Note that Longitudinal studies use a research design that guards against the problem of the "Cohort Effect"
What is Cohort Effect?
A cohort effect occurs when a group of people's experiences are influenced by the same historical or social event.
Consider a group of children born in the same year who are all experiencing the same things in terms of technology, culture, and environment. They are referred to as a "cohort" of children. A cohort effect would occur if a new video game is released and all of the children in that cohort play it. Another example: if all of the children in a cohort are born during a recession, the economic condition at the time may effect them all equally.
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Final answer:
Longitudinal studies protect against cohort effects by following the same subjects over time, but face challenges with attrition rates.
Explanation:
Longitudinal studies use a research design that guards against the problem of cohort effects, which are differences between populations that are not due to age alone but are related to the particular social and cultural experiences of different generations. This approach contrasts with cross-sectional research, which analyzes different age groups at the same time but cannot control for these generational differences. The longitudinal design involves repeatedly collecting data from the same subjects over an extended period, thereby providing valuable insights into how factors such as behaviors, attitudes, and conditions change over time.
One of the main challenges of longitudinal research is handling attrition rates, which refer to the reduction in the number of research participants due to dropouts over the course of the study. Researchers must recruit a large initial sample size, anticipate potential dropouts, and continually assess whether the remaining participants still represent the larger population. Despite the logistical and financial challenges, the longitudinal design is crucial for understanding long-term trends and outcomes, such as in studies monitoring disease risk factors or the effectiveness of a medication over several years.
