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How do lung changes occur from apex to base when an individual moves from a sitting to a standing position?

A. Base to apex
B. No change
C. Apex to base
D. Uniform throughout

Answer :

Final answer:

Lung changes from a seated to a standing position involve a pressure gradient that enhances basal ventilation more than apical, implying enhanced air flow in the lower lung regions. This is mainly due to gravity's effect on the lungs, with gas exchange consistently occurring in alveoli throughout.

Explanation:

How Do Lung Changes Occur from Apex to Base?

When an individual moves from a sitting to a standing position, the gravitational effects on the lung change. In a standing position, gravity acts to stretch the bottom of the lung downwards more than the top. This stretching increases the space in the lower parts of the lung, potentially increasing the amount of air these parts can receive and thus enhancing ventilation. Consequently, there is a pressure gradient created within the pleura, leading to more extensive air flow in the basilar parts of the lung compared to the apex.

The implication of this for air flow in the lungs is more pronounced in the base of the lung than in the apex in a standing position. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny balloon-like structures where oxygen moves into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves out to be exhaled. It is important to note that despite these changes in air distribution, gas exchange remains efficiently carried out throughout the lung.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question of how lung changes occur from apex to base when an individual moves from sitting to standing is c) Apex to base.

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Rewritten by : Barada