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8. Asexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parents. What type of cell division are the offspring a product of?

- a. mitosis
- b. meiosis
- c. binary fission
- d. fertilization

9. At which stage of meiosis do chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes?

- a. metaphase I
- b. anaphase I
- c. metaphase II
- d. anaphase II
- e. telophase II

10. The process in which haploid gametes are formed in diploid organisms is called:

- a. cytokinesis
- b. interphase
- c. meiosis
- d. mitosis
- e. nuclear division

11. Which of the following correctly ranks nucleic acid structures in order of size, from smallest to largest?

- a. chromosome, nucleotide, gene, codon
- b. nucleotide, codon, gene, chromosome
- c. chromosome, gene, codon, nucleotide
- d. codon, nucleotide, chromosome, gene

12. A human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is...

- a. a somatic cell of a male
- b. a zygote
- c. a somatic cell of a female
- d. a sperm cell
- e. an ovum

13. Independent assortment is one of the factors that contributes to genetic diversity. Independent assortment is associated with which stage of meiosis?

- a. anaphase I
- b. prophase I
- c. metaphase I
- d. anaphase II
- e. metaphase II

14. The fertilized egg (zygote) of a human contains how many chromosomes?

- a. 1
- b. 22
- c. 46
- d. 23
- e. 48

Answer :

Final answer:

Asexually reproducing organisms utilize mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring. Key stages in meiosis include anaphase II for chromatid separation and metaphase I for independent assortment. A human zygote has 46 chromosomes, containing genetic information from both parents.


Explanation:

Understanding Cell Division and Genetics

Asexually reproducing organisms create offspring that are genetically identical to their parents through a type of cell division known as mitosis (answer 8 option a). Mitosis is a form of cell division where one parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. This contrasts with meiosis, which produces gametes (sex cells) that have half the genetic information (haploid) and are not genetically identical.

The separation of chromatids into daughter chromosomes occurs during anaphase II (answer 9 option d) in meiosis when pairs of sister chromatids are pulled apart. Meiosis is the process responsible for forming haploid gametes in diploid organisms (answer 10 option c). The process includes two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II, where independent assortment occurs during metaphase I (answer 13 option c), resulting in genetic diversity among gametes.

Ranking nucleic acid structures from smallest to largest: nucleotide, codon, gene, chromosome (answer 11 option b). In humans, a cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is categorized as a somatic cell of a female (answer 12 option c). Finally, a fertilized egg, or zygote, contains 46 chromosomes (answer 14 option c), combining genetic material from both parents.


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