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Answer :
Final answer:
The removal of urea in hemodialysis is primarily due to the use of a permeable membrane. Urea, a waste compound, is diffused through the semi-permeable membrane from the blood to the dialysate due to a concentration gradient. Hence, diffusion, not osmotic pressure, hemoglobin, or active transport, is the key mechanism.
Explanation:
The removal of urea in patients undergoing hemodialysis is primarily due to the use of a permeable membrane. In hemodialysis, blood gets circulated in a machine that contains a dialyzer or artificial kidney. Within the dialyzer, there is a semi-permeable membrane separating the patient's blood from a cleansing fluid called the dialysate.
Urea, a waste compound, is diffused through the semi-permeable membrane into the dialysate due to a concentration gradient, with higher concentration of urea in the blood than in the dialysate. This process is similar to the way our kidneys naturally filter waste products from the blood. In the dialysis machine, the 'cleaned' blood is then returned to the patient's body. Hence, the key mechanism in the removal of urea during hemodialysis is the process of diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration gradient, not due to osmotic pressure, hemoglobin, or active transport.
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