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The graph shows the changing populations of wolves and moose in Isle Royale National Park. Wolves are predators, and moose are their prey.

Which of the following pairs of populations is most likely to increase and decrease in a similar pattern to the wolves and moose?

A. Moose and balsam fir, which are the favorite food plants of moose.
B. Very old wolves and young wolf pups.
C. Moose and the beneficial bacteria that live in the digestive tracts of moose.
D. Male wolves and female wolves.

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**Graph:**

**Wolf and Moose Populations on Isle Royale**
- CPV outbreak
- Year: 1955 - 2005
- Number of Wolves: Data points provided
- Number of Moose: Data points provided

Answer :

The pair most likely to exhibit a similar pattern to the wolves and moose is C. Moose and the beneficial bacteria that live in the digestive tracts of moose.

The population dynamics of wolves and moose on Isle Royale provide fascinating insights into predator-prey relationships. Let's explore the options:

1. **Moose and Balsam Fir**:

- Balsam fir is a favorite food plant of moose, but its population dynamics are unlikely to mirror that of wolves and moose. Balsam fir growth depends on factors like soil quality, climate, and other ecological interactions, which differ significantly from the predator-prey dynamics.

- **Unlikely to have a similar pattern.**

2. **Very Old Wolves and Young Wolf Pups**:

- The age structure of wolves within their population doesn't directly correlate with moose abundance. Old wolves and young pups have different roles in the pack, but their numbers don't necessarily follow the same trends as moose.

- **Unlikely to have a similar pattern.**

3. **Moose and Beneficial Bacteria in Moose Digestive Tracts**:

- This option is the most promising. Let's delve into it further:

- Moose rely on their digestive bacteria to break down cellulose in their plant-based diet. The bacteria population would be influenced by the moose population.

- As moose numbers increase, more food passes through their digestive tracts, supporting bacterial growth.

- Conversely, if moose numbers decline, bacterial populations may also decrease due to reduced food availability.

- **Most likely to have a similar pattern.**

4. **Male Wolves and Female Wolves**:

- The sex ratio of wolves doesn't directly impact moose abundance. Male and female wolves contribute differently to the pack, but their numbers aren't tightly linked to moose populations.

- **Unlikely to have a similar pattern.**

Therefore, the pair most likely to exhibit a similar pattern to the wolves and moose is C. Moose and the beneficial bacteria that live in the digestive tracts of moose.

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