Final answer:
To calculate allele and genotype frequencies for the 5th generation, we would need the initial frequencies and the mating system. Assuming equal distribution of alleles in generation 1, frequencies should remain the same in 5th generation due to Mendelian inheritance and no external influences. Genotype frequencies can be calculated using Hardy-Weinberg principle.
Explanation:
In order to calculate allele frequencies and genotype frequencies, we first need to know the base frequencies of each allele in the first generation and what type of mating system is in place (random mating, inbreeding, etc.).
For example, let us say we have two alleles, A (dominant) and a (recessive). And let us consider there's an equal distribution of the alleles in the first generation. Dominant allele A has frequency of 0.5 and recessive allele a also has frequency of 0.5. The genotype frequencies would also be equal.
Due to Mendelian inheritance, these frequencies should remain constant for all succeeding generations if there's no mutation, migration or selection. That would mean in the 5th generation, frequency of allele A would be 0.5 and of allele a would be 0.5.
Genotype frequencies can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg principle. AA (0.5*0.5 = 0.25), Aa or aA (2*0.5*0.5 = 0.5), and aa (0.5*0.5 = 0.25). If you're tasked with calculating number of moths in 5th generation, you would need to know the population size of the moths as well.
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