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Josiah invests [tex]\$360[/tex] into an account that accrues [tex]3\%[/tex] interest annually. Assuming no deposits or withdrawals are made, which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, [tex]y[/tex], after [tex]x[/tex] years?

A. [tex]y = 360(1.3)^x[/tex]
B. [tex]y = 360(0.3)^x[/tex]
C. [tex]y = 360(0.03)^x[/tex]
D. [tex]y = 360(1.03)^x[/tex]

Answer :

Sure! Let's determine which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account after a certain number of years, given that he invested [tex]$360 and the account accrues 3% interest annually.

1. Understanding Compound Interest:
When money is invested in an account with compound interest, the formula to calculate the amount of money is:
\[
y = P(1 + r)^x
\]
Where:
- \( y \) is the amount of money after \( x \) years.
- \( P \) is the principal amount (initial investment).
- \( r \) is the annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal).
- \( x \) is the number of years the money is invested.

2. Given Values:
- The principal amount, \( P \), is $[/tex]360.
- The annual interest rate, [tex]\( r \)[/tex], is 3%, or 0.03 as a decimal.
- We are looking for the amount after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years, so [tex]\( x \)[/tex] remains a variable in our equation.

3. Substituting the Values:
Using the formula above, substitute the given values:
[tex]\[
y = 360(1 + 0.03)^x
\][/tex]

4. Simplifying the Formula:
Simplify inside the parentheses:
[tex]\[
1 + 0.03 = 1.03
\][/tex]
So, the equation becomes:
[tex]\[
y = 360(1.03)^x
\][/tex]

Therefore, the correct equation representing the amount of money in Josiah's account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years is:
[tex]\[
y = 360(1.03)^x
\][/tex]

This equation shows that each year, the amount grows by multiplying the previous amount by 1.03, reflecting the 3% annual interest. This matches the last option from the choices given.

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