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Particles of matter are needed to transfer heat energy in the case of:

A. radiation but not conduction or convection.
B. conduction and convection but not radiation.
C. conduction but not convection or radiation.
D. radiation and conduction but not convection.

Answer :

Final answer:

Heat energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. While conduction and convection require particles to transfer heat, radiation can occur without a medium. Therefore, the answer is that conduction and convection need particles, but radiation does not.


Explanation:

Understanding Heat Transfer Methods

Heat energy can be transferred via three primary methods: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method operates differently:

  1. Conduction occurs when heat is transferred through direct contact between particles in a solid material. For example, when a metal spoon is placed in a hot pot, heat transfers from the pot to the spoon.
  2. Convection involves the bulk movement of fluids (liquids or gases) where warmer regions of the fluid rise and cooler regions sink, creating a current. An example would be the way warm air rises from a heater, causing cooler air to be drawn in from the surrounding area.
  3. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves and doesn’t need a medium, meaning it can occur in a vacuum. An example is the heat from the Sun traveling through space to warm the Earth.

Based on these definitions, it is clear that particles of matter are necessary to transfer heat energy in the cases of conduction and convection, but not in radiation. Thus, the correct answer is:

b. conduction and convection but not radiation.


Learn more about Heat Transfer here:

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