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What is the remainder when [tex]3x^3 - 2x^2 + 4x - 3[/tex] is divided by [tex]x^2 + 3x + 3[/tex]?

A. 30
B. [tex]3x - 11[/tex]
C. [tex]28x - 36[/tex]
D. [tex]28x + 30[/tex]

Answer :

To find the remainder when

[tex]$$
3x^3 - 2x^2 + 4x - 3
$$[/tex]

is divided by

[tex]$$
x^2 + 3x + 3,
$$[/tex]

we can perform polynomial long division. Here’s a detailed step-by-step explanation:

1. Set up the division:
Divide the polynomial

[tex]$$
f(x) = 3x^3 - 2x^2 + 4x - 3
$$[/tex]

by the divisor

[tex]$$
g(x) = x^2 + 3x + 3.
$$[/tex]

2. Divide the leading terms:
The first term in [tex]$f(x)$[/tex] is [tex]$3x^3$[/tex] and the first term in [tex]$g(x)$[/tex] is [tex]$x^2$[/tex]. Dividing these gives

[tex]$$
\frac{3x^3}{x^2} = 3x.
$$[/tex]

This [tex]$3x$[/tex] is the first term of the quotient.

3. Multiply and subtract:
Multiply the entire divisor by [tex]$3x$[/tex]:

[tex]$$
3x \cdot (x^2 + 3x + 3) = 3x^3 + 9x^2 + 9x.
$$[/tex]

Subtract this from [tex]$f(x)$[/tex]:

[tex]\[
\begin{aligned}
(3x^3 - 2x^2 + 4x - 3) - (3x^3 + 9x^2 + 9x) &= (3x^3 - 3x^3) + (-2x^2 - 9x^2) + (4x - 9x) - 3 \\
&= -11x^2 - 5x - 3.
\end{aligned}
\][/tex]

4. Proceed with the next division:
The new polynomial to divide is

[tex]$$
-11x^2 - 5x - 3.
$$[/tex]

Divide the leading term [tex]$-11x^2$[/tex] by the leading term [tex]$x^2$[/tex] of the divisor:

[tex]$$
\frac{-11x^2}{x^2} = -11.
$$[/tex]

This [tex]$-11$[/tex] is the next term of the quotient.

5. Multiply and subtract again:
Multiply the divisor by [tex]$-11$[/tex]:

[tex]$$
-11 \cdot (x^2 + 3x + 3) = -11x^2 - 33x - 33.
$$[/tex]

Subtract this product from the current remainder:

[tex]\[
\begin{aligned}
(-11x^2 - 5x - 3) - (-11x^2 - 33x - 33) &= (-11x^2 + 11x^2) + (-5x + 33x) + (-3 + 33) \\
&= 28x + 30.
\end{aligned}
\][/tex]

6. Identify the remainder:
Since the divisor has degree 2 and the resulting expression [tex]$28x + 30$[/tex] is of degree 1 (which is less than 2), we have reached the remainder.

Thus, the division yields a quotient of

[tex]$$
3x - 11
$$[/tex]

and a remainder of

[tex]$$
28x + 30.
$$[/tex]

Therefore, the remainder when [tex]$3x^3 - 2x^2 + 4x - 3$[/tex] is divided by [tex]$x^2 + 3x + 3$[/tex] is

[tex]$$
\boxed{28x + 30}.
$$[/tex]

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