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Answer :
Final answer:
Air near the surface of the Earth is heated by radiation from the sun, while winds are created by convection processes as warm air rises and is replaced by cooler air. Conduction plays a role in heating but is less significant in the atmosphere's wind formation. Therefore, the correct answer is A: conduction; convection.
Explanation:
Understanding Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere
Air near the surface of the Earth is primarily heated by the process of radiation, which involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight. This energy warms the surface of the Earth, which in turn, heats the air closest to the surface. As the air warms up, it becomes less dense and rises, creating an area of lower pressure. This rising warm air is replaced by cooler air from surrounding areas, which leads to the formation of winds.
The two main processes involved are:
- Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact but is less significant in this scenario, as it primarily involves solids rather than gases.
- Convection refers to the circulation of air caused by the unequal heating of air, and it plays a crucial role in the movement of air masses, leading to the formation of winds.
Thus, the correct answer to the question is:A. conduction; convection - as heat is primarily conducted from the ground to the air through contact, and winds are created through convection processes.
Learn more about Heat Transfer here:
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