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5. In the last 15 years, MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) per capita in the United States has:

(a) decreased drastically.
(b) decreased, then increased drastically.
(c) increased drastically.
(d) stayed the same.

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The EPA estimates that approximately what percent of municipal solid waste comes from residences and what percent comes from commercial and institutional facilities?

(a) 30; 70
(b) 40; 60
(c) 50; 50
(d) 60; 40

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Which material constitutes the largest component of municipal solid waste?

(a) metals
(b) yard waste
(c) food scraps
(d) paper

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6. Increasing tipping fees can cause:

(a) decreased rates of recycling.
(b) increases in illegal dumping.
(c) incentives for proper waste disposal.
(d) reduced use of hazardous material.

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7. From an environmental waste perspective, which of the following is the most desirable?

(a) reduce
(b) reuse
(c) recycle
(d) compost

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8. In the United States, how much of generated waste ends up being recycled?

(a) approximately one quarter
(b) approximately one third
(c) roughly half
(d) more than three-quarters

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9. Which legislation imposes a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries to generate funds to pay for the cleanup of hazardous substances?

(a) RCRA
(b) Cradle-to-Grave Act
(c) HSWA
(d) CERCLA

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10. Of the following, which contributes most to the production of methane?

(a) packaging
(b) e-waste
(c) plastics
(d) yard waste

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For questions 11-13, refer to the following lettered choices and choose the compound that is most associated with each numbered statement.

(a) benzene
(b) calcium carbonate
(c) methane
(d) hydrochloric acid

11. It may be present in the emissions from waste incinerators.
12. It contaminated the land and water near the housing development Love Canal in New York.
13. It is potentially a source of energy.

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14. Roughly half of the material in the solid waste stream that is recovered before ending up in a landfill or incinerator is:

(a) yard waste
(b) paper products
(c) plastic products
(d) glass products

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15. Which statement regarding composting is NOT true?

(a) Composting can be a method for diverting material from the landfill.
(b) In order for compost to be made in a reasonable amount of time, the material must be mixed up frequently.
(c) Composting results in the release of carbon dioxide.
(d) Efficient composting requires an abundance of anaerobic bacteria.

Answer :

Final answer:

Municipal solid waste per capita has drastically increased in the U.S. in the last 15 years, with the largest component being paper. Proper waste management is impacted by factors like increased tipping fees and legislation such as CERCLA. Key strategies for waste reduction include methods like recycling and composting.


Explanation:

Overview of Municipal Solid Waste and Related Concepts

Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers to the waste generated from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources. Over the last 15 years, the per capita MSW in the United States has increased drastically due to various factors including increased consumption and packaging materials.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), approximately 30 percent of municipal solid waste comes from residences and 70 percent comes from commercial and institutional facilities. The largest component of municipal solid waste is paper, accounting for a significant portion of total MSW.

Increasing tipping fees, which are charges for disposing waste at a landfill, can lead to increases in illegal dumping and may encourage more individuals to consider proper waste disposal options. From an environmental waste perspective, the most desirable action is to reduce waste generation overall, followed by reuse, recycle, and then compost.

In the United States, approximately one third of generated waste ends up being recycled. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund, imposes a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries to help fund the cleanup of hazardous substances.

Among the options listed, yard waste contributes most significantly to methane production as it decomposes in landfills. In summary, questions regarding composting involve methods to divert material from landfills, the release of carbon dioxide, and the necessity of aerobic rather than anaerobic bacteria for efficient composting.


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