When administering medications to elderly patients, what information does the nurse need to understand?

a. Start with a low dosage, and increase the dosage as needed for pain relief.
b. Start with a high dosage, and decrease the dosage as pain is relieved.
c. Start with a mid-range dosage, and increase or decrease the dosage as needed for pain.
d. Start with a low dosage, and decrease the dosage as indicated for pain.

The best approach to administering medications to elderly patients is to begin with a low dosage and increase as needed for pain management, in order to reduce the risk of side effects and account for possible reduced metabolism or drug clearance in this population.

Explanation:

When administering medications to elderly patients, it is important to consider their unique physiological changes and the potential for increased sensitivity to drugs. The correct approach is to start with a low dosage, and increase the dosage as needed for pain relief. This strategy is key to minimizing the risk of side effects and toxicity, especially since elderly patients can have reduced drug metabolism or clearance due to possible liver or kidney dysfunction. It is crucial to monitor for any side effects, particularly with drugs that have a narrow therapeutic window. Also, considering opioid medications, which may be prescribed for pain, the goal is to use them under strict medical supervision due to the risk of addiction and serious side effects, reinforcing the principle of starting with a low dosage and adjusting as necessary.