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Answer :
Final answer:
The inability of B cells to undergo clonal expansion most directly impairs the formation of memory cells for future antigen exposure. This disruption affects the adaptive immune response's ability to respond effectively to previously encountered pathogens. Other immune responses, such as antigen presentation and neutrophil recruitment, are not as directly impacted.
Explanation:
Understanding Clonal Expansion in B Cells
The clonal expansion of B cells is a crucial process for the immune response, particularly for the production of antibodies. When a specific B cell recognizes an antigen, it undergoes clonal expansion, which means that it proliferates to produce many copies of itself. This is essential for generating sufficient numbers of cells that can respond to an infection.
In this context, if a patient's B cells are unable to undergo clonal expansion, the most directly impaired immune response would be the formation of memory cells for future antigen exposure. Memory cells are a subset of B cells that persist in the body after the initial immune response, providing long-term immunity and a faster response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.
The other options are less directly affected:
- Presentation of viral antigens on MHC I is primarily related to CD8+ T cells and the action of infected cells, not directly dependent on B cell clonal expansion.
- Activation of helper T cells by APCs is largely influenced by antigen presentation and does not directly involve B cell proliferation.
- Recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection is part of the innate immune response and not specifically linked to B cell expansion.
In summary, the inability of B cells to undergo clonal expansion would most significantly impair their ability to form memory cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the adaptive immune response to previous infections.
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