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Sure! Let's go through the process step-by-step to solve the question about the solubility of hydroxides.
Hydroxides ([tex]\(OH^-\)[/tex]) are generally known for their low solubility in water. However, there are some important exceptions to this rule. Here are the exceptions:
1. Group 1 Elements: Hydroxides of alkali metals, which belong to Group 1 of the periodic table (such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), are soluble in water. These elements form strong bases when dissolved in water.
2. Ammonium (NH4+): Ammonium hydroxide also dissolves in water. It's more commonly encountered as a solution of ammonia in water.
3. Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), and Barium (Ba): These are alkaline earth metals whose hydroxides are also soluble in water, albeit not as soluble as those of the Group 1 metals.
Now, based on the traditional solubility rules and these exceptions, we can conclude which hydroxides are soluble:
- Hydroxides of elements from Group 1 (e.g., NaOH, KOH).
- Ammonium hydroxide ([tex]\(NH_4OH\)[/tex]).
- Hydroxides of some alkaline earth metals like calcium (CaOH)_2, strontium (SrOH)_2, and barium (BaOH)_2.
Therefore, the elements and compounds that form soluble hydroxides are grouped under:
- Group 1 elements
- NH4 (Ammonium)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Strontium (Sr)
- Barium (Ba)
So, the answer to the question, which hydroxides are exceptions to this general insolubility rule, would be:
Group 1, NH4, Ca, Sr, Ba
Hydroxides ([tex]\(OH^-\)[/tex]) are generally known for their low solubility in water. However, there are some important exceptions to this rule. Here are the exceptions:
1. Group 1 Elements: Hydroxides of alkali metals, which belong to Group 1 of the periodic table (such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), are soluble in water. These elements form strong bases when dissolved in water.
2. Ammonium (NH4+): Ammonium hydroxide also dissolves in water. It's more commonly encountered as a solution of ammonia in water.
3. Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), and Barium (Ba): These are alkaline earth metals whose hydroxides are also soluble in water, albeit not as soluble as those of the Group 1 metals.
Now, based on the traditional solubility rules and these exceptions, we can conclude which hydroxides are soluble:
- Hydroxides of elements from Group 1 (e.g., NaOH, KOH).
- Ammonium hydroxide ([tex]\(NH_4OH\)[/tex]).
- Hydroxides of some alkaline earth metals like calcium (CaOH)_2, strontium (SrOH)_2, and barium (BaOH)_2.
Therefore, the elements and compounds that form soluble hydroxides are grouped under:
- Group 1 elements
- NH4 (Ammonium)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Strontium (Sr)
- Barium (Ba)
So, the answer to the question, which hydroxides are exceptions to this general insolubility rule, would be:
Group 1, NH4, Ca, Sr, Ba
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