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Answer :
To answer the question regarding the most common type of braking system used in modern cars, we need to consider the types of braking systems listed and their current uses in the automotive industry.
A) Drum brakes were once widely used due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, drum brakes are less efficient at dissipating heat, which makes them more prone to fading and less effective in heavy and repeated braking scenarios. Thus, while they might still be found on some vehicles, particularly at the rear wheels or on older or budget models, they are generally not the dominant type used in modern cars today.
B) Disc brakes, on the other hand, have become the most prevalent braking system in modern vehicles. This is due to their superior performance, especially in terms of heat dissipation, which makes them less susceptible to brake fade. Additionally, disc brakes offer better stopping power and are easier to service. Because of these advantages, the majority of car manufacturers use disc brakes on the front wheels, which handle the most braking load, and many have also switched to disc brakes for the rear wheels.
C) Hydraulic brakes are a category of brakes that use brake fluid to transfer force from the brake pedal to the brake pads. This is actually a broader classification of brake systems because both drum and disc brakes can be hydraulic as they often use hydraulic pressure to operate. This is not the specific type of brake but rather the mechanism through which the force is applied.
D) Mechanical brakes refer to a system that relies on mechanical components to function, like cables, rather than hydraulic pressure. These are not commonly used as the primary braking system for modern cars, as hydraulic systems have proven to be more effective. Mechanical linkages may be used for parking brakes or emergency brakes, but again, these are not the primary braking system.
Given the above explanations, the most common type of braking system used in modern cars is disc brakes, which corresponds to option B. This is supported by the widespread adoption of disc brakes by car manufacturers for their performance advantages, particularly on the front wheels and increasingly on the rear wheels of contemporary vehicles.
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