Answer :

Final answer:

Surface mining involves removing topsoil and rock layers to access minerals, subsurface mining requires underground tunnels and shafts, and placer mining utilizes water to separate minerals from sediment. Surface and subsurface mining can have more significant environmental damage compared to placer mining.


Explanation:

Surface Mining

Surface mining refers to the extraction of minerals from the Earth's surface, usually through open-pit mining or strip mining. This method involves removing the topsoil and rock layers to access the desired minerals. Surface mining can have a considerable impact on the environment, as it often results in deforestation, soil erosion, and the contamination of nearby water sources due to the use of chemicals for mineral extraction.

Subsurface Mining

Subsurface mining involves the extraction of minerals located deep within the Earth's crust. This method requires the construction of underground tunnels and shafts to access the mineral deposits. Subsurface mining can cause significant environmental damage, such as groundwater contamination and the destabilization of surrounding rock formations.

Placer Mining

Placer mining is a type of surface mining where valuable minerals are extracted from riverbeds, beaches, and other sedimentary deposits. This method involves using water to separate the minerals from the surrounding sediment. While placer mining may cause some disturbance to the environment, it generally has a lower impact compared to surface and subsurface mining.


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