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Answer :
Final answer:
Esquivel and other revolutionaries like Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar thought the new revolution would include fighting colonial power and adopting Enlightenment ideals with an emphasis on education, democratic governance, and social equity, sometimes through radical and violent methods.
Explanation:
From the provided references, one can infer that Esquivel, along with other notable figures like Miguel Hidalgo, believed the new revolution would involve both a fight against the established colonial order and the adoption of Enlightenment ideals. These ideals emphasized education, democratic governance, and social reforms directed at aiding the poor and exploited. Hidalgo's actions, like the Grito de Dolores, signaled the call for action, which was both a reflection of Enlightenment thinking and a practical step towards challenging oppressive rule. Similarly, figures like Simon Bolivar promoted ideals that supported education and regular elections to ward off tyranny. Thus, the revolution Esquivel envisioned would likely entail radical change, resistance against entrenched systems, incremental shifts toward social equality, and potentially violence as a contentious but sometimes deemed necessary tool.
Regarding whether the political revolutions would be considered treasonous, opinions would vary depending on perspective. From the colonial Spanish point of view, such actions would indeed be treasonous, as they directly opposed the ruling authority. As for violence being necessary or acceptable, it is clear from historical accounts that some revolutionaries, such as Magòn, believed violence was a justified means to achieve their goals, despite it reducing their popular support. Lastly, the revolution's capacity to bring about lasting change was believed to be predicated on education, as Bolivar suggested that progress and regress were tied to the state of a nation's educational system.
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Final answer:
Esquivel suggests a revolution will be incremental and possibly involve both social equality and enlightenment ideals. Historical context from leaders like Hidalgo and Bolívar and theories like the Davies-J curve suggest that revolutions arise from education and the gap between expected and actual societal conditions.
Explanation:
Esquivel envisions a new revolution that reflects incremental change, stressing that dramatic changes often stem from issues of social equality and the Enlightenment ideals of education and democratic governance. Violence and radical action have historically been part of Latin American revolutions, such as those led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, who sought to address the plight of the poor and exploited. Similarly, Simon Bolívar emphasized the importance of education and the dangers of prolonged authority in a single individual's hands. Yet, the success of revolutionary movements often depended on the underlying social conditions and the level of popular support, as described by the Davies-J curve. It indicates that revolutions are more likely to occur when there is a significant gap between expected and actual need satisfaction, particularly among those who are not the poorest but still feel the government is not meeting their expectations, as in the case of the Arab Spring.
