Answer :

Final answer:

When making a landing over darkened or featureless ground, the approach might appear to be misperceived due to a moon illusion. Psychologist Conrad Kraft's findings on this phenomenon led to flight safety measures being implemented.

Explanation:

When making a landing over darkened or featureless ground, the approach might appear to be misperceived. Psychologist Conrad Kraft hypothesized that pilots may be subjected to a type of moon illusion, in which city lights beyond the runway appear much larger on the retina than they really are, deceiving the pilot into landing too early.

To address this issue, airlines have implemented new flight safety measures, such as requiring copilots to call out the altitude progressively during descent.

The Moon Illusion refers to the optical illusion where the moon appears larger near the horizon than when it is higher up in the sky. This phenomenon has been observed for centuries, and various theories attempt to explain why our brains perceive the moon differently in different parts of the sky.

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