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List the consequences of polar and non-polar covalent bonds on the special characteristics of water and cell membranes.

Answer :

Answer:

As shown in the image above, water is a polar molecule. This is the most important polar molecule. When two atoms involved in a bond manage to share electrons evenly (because they have the same electronegativity and neither one is greedier than the other), we end up with nonpolar covalent bonds.

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Final answer:

Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in properties like high specific heat and solvency. Non-polar covalent bonds in cell membranes control the permeability of the cell, mediated by the hydrophobic effect.

Explanation:

Water molecules are polar due to their polar covalent bonds. This means that there is a partial positive charge and a partial negative charge in a water molecule, leading to attractive forces, also known as hydrogen bonds, among water molecules. Such interaction results in unique properties, such as high specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, and the ability to act as a universal solvent.

In contrast, cell membranes are composed mainly of non-polar molecules, specifically phospholipids. These molecules have hydrophobic tails (non-polar) and hydrophilic heads (polar). The hydrophobic effect leads to the formation of a lipid bilayer creating a barrier that is selectively permeable, hence controlling the flow of substances in and out of the cell.

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