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Answer :
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In island biogeography, the main characteristic that distinguishes island species from mainland species is their isolation. This isolation influences their evolution, leading to unique adaptations. For instance, Darwin's finches exemplify how isolation can result in distinct traits in species.
Explanation:
Island Biogeography and Species Characteristics
In the study of island biogeography, one of the main characteristics that sets island species apart from mainland species is their isolation. This isolation leads to unique evolutionary pressures and adaptations that can result in distinct species that are not found elsewhere.
- Isolation: Islands are surrounded by water, which limits the movement of species. This isolation can lead to different evolutionary paths because species cannot migrate easily to or from other land masses.
- Evolutionary Adaptations: Due to their isolation, island species often undergo speciations that result in unique traits, such as different sizes, colors, or behaviors, making them well adapted to their specific island environments.
- Examples: A classic example is the Darwin’s finches of the Galápagos Islands, which have developed various beak shapes suited for different food sources in their isolated environment.
While factors like small body size and greater numbers can also be observed in some island species, isolation is the key factor that drives their distinct evolutionary path and sets them apart from mainland species.
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