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Answer :
Final answer:
Alchemy was an early mystical practice focused on transforming matter and achieving immortality, while modern science is based on systematic experimentation and knowledge sharing. Alchemy's goals and methods differ fundamentally from the empirical approach of modern chemistry. The transition from alchemical practices to modern scientific methods represents a significant evolution in the understanding of matter.
Explanation:
Differences Between Alchemy and Modern Science
Alchemy was an early form of science that sought to understand and manipulate matter. Practiced mainly from ancient times until the 17th century, alchemists believed in transforming base metals into noble metals, such as lead into gold, and sought the mythical philosopher's stone which was thought to grant eternal life.
In contrast, modern science, particularly chemistry, emerged in the 1600s and 1700s with a structured methodology based on experimentation, observation, and reproducibility. Alchemy was heavily influenced by mysticism and secrecy, often involving unverified claims and speculative theories about the composition of matter, like the belief in the four elemental qualities of fire, water, earth, and air.
- Approach: Alchemy was mystical and speculative, while modern science is empirical and systematic.
- Goals: Alchemists aimed for transmutation of elements and the search for immortality, whereas chemists focus on understanding chemical reactions and the properties of substances through the scientific method.
- Knowledge Sharing: Alchemy operated in secrecy, making findings inaccessible, while modern science thrives on sharing knowledge and peer review to validate results.
As a result, alchemy gradually faded as a scientific practice and laid the groundwork for the development of modern chemistry.
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