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We appreciate your visit to You learned in the previous lesson that T cells require two independent signals to become activated When T cells are activated they acquire effector functions. This page offers clear insights and highlights the essential aspects of the topic. Our goal is to provide a helpful and engaging learning experience. Explore the content and find the answers you need!

You learned in the previous lesson that T cells require two independent signals to become activated. When T cells are activated, they acquire effector functions and begin to proliferate. This two-signal mechanism prevents the expansion of self-reactive effector T cells. Similarly, B cell receptor signaling alone is not sufficient to activate B cells. B cells require assistance from helper T cells to become activated by monovalent protein antigens and gain certain immune functions.

What changes do you suspect will occur to B cells when they are activated by protein antigen and receive T cell help? (Select all that apply)

a) They will generate memory cells that can respond to a subsequent exposure to antigen.

b) Their immunoglobulin genes will be mutated in a way that alters antigen affinity.

c) The isotype of their immunoglobulin (Ig) genes will change.

d) They will proliferate and expand.

e) They will secrete antibodies.

Answer :

Final answer:

Activated B cells generate memory cells, mutate their immunoglobulin genes, undergo isotype switching, proliferate, and secrete antibodies.

Explanation:

When B cells are activated by protein antigen and receive T cell help, several changes occur:

  1. They generate memory cells - This capacity allows rapid and robust response to future exposures to the same antigen.
  2. Mutation occurs in their immunoglobulin genes - This process is called somatic hypermutation and contributes to affinity maturation, which increases the strength of the B cell response to the antigen.
  3. Ig genes undergo isotype switching - Originally, B cells produce IgM antibodies. After isotype switching, they can produce IgG, IgA, or IgE, which are more effective in different immune responses.
  4. Proliferation and expansion - Upon activation, B cells replicate to produce an army of cells capable of responding to the antigen.
  5. They begin to secrete antibodies - These antibodies can bind to the antigen and contribute to its clearance from the body.

Learn more about B cell activation here:

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