Answer :

Final answer:

To determine if someone is experiencing renal failure, tests such as routine urinalysis, blood tests for BUN and creatinine, abdominal ultrasound, nuclear imaging, and possibly a kidney biopsy are conducted.

Explanation:

To determine if Mr. Fallbrook is suffering from renal failure, several tests are typically performed. These include:

  • A routine urinalysis which examines the urine for physical, chemical, and microscopic properties that could indicate kidney dysfunction.
  • Blood tests to assess renal function, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, which may be elevated in renal failure.
  • An abdominal ultrasound to check for obstructions and evaluate the size of the kidneys, which helps differentiate between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute renal failure (ARF).
  • Nuclear imaging tests such as a MAG3 scan or a DMSA scan to assess kidney function and structure.
  • In some cases, a kidney biopsy may be necessary to provide a definitive diagnosis of the kidney condition.

It is also important to differentiate between CKD and ARF, as treatments and outcomes may differ significantly. A gradual rise in serum creatinine over several months or years suggests CKD, whereas a sudden increase indicates ARF.

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