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It is commonly believed that the mean body temperature of a healthy adult is [tex]$98.6^{\circ} F$[/tex]. You are not entirely convinced and believe that it is lower than [tex]$98.6^{\circ} F$[/tex]. The temperatures for 13 randomly selected healthy adults are shown below. Assume that the distribution of the population is normal.

[tex]$97, 99.9, 98.6, 100.6, 96.7, 95.5, 97.3, 96.4, 100.3, 99.3, 94.9, 98.4, 97.3$[/tex]

What can be concluded at the [tex]$\alpha=0.10$[/tex] level of significance?

a. For this study, we should use:

[tex]\(\square\)[/tex] [tex]\(\checkmark\)[/tex]

[tex]\(\square\)[/tex]

b. The null and alternative hypotheses would be:

[tex]$H_0$[/tex]: [tex]\(\mu\)[/tex] = 98.6

[tex]$H_a$[/tex]: [tex]\(\mu\)[/tex] < 98.6

Answer :

Certainly! Let's work through this hypothesis testing problem step by step.

### Step 1: Understand the Hypotheses
First, let's establish our null and alternative hypotheses:

- Null Hypothesis ([tex]\(H_0\)[/tex]): The mean body temperature of healthy adults is 98.6°F.

[tex]\(H_0: \mu = 98.6\)[/tex]

- Alternative Hypothesis ([tex]\(H_a\)[/tex]): The mean body temperature of healthy adults is less than 98.6°F.

[tex]\(H_a: \mu < 98.6\)[/tex]

We are conducting a left-tailed test since we believe the true mean is less than 98.6°F.

### Step 2: Gather the Sample Data
You have a sample of body temperatures from 13 adults:
[tex]\[ 97, 99.9, 98.6, 100.6, 96.7, 95.5, 97.3, 96.4, 100.3, 99.3, 94.9, 98.4, 97.3 \][/tex]

### Step 3: Calculate the Sample Mean and Standard Deviation
The sample mean is approximately 97.86°F, and the sample standard deviation is roughly 1.82°F.

### Step 4: Determine the Sample Size
The sample size, [tex]\(n\)[/tex], is 13.

### Step 5: Calculate the t-Score
The t-score is a measure that helps us understand how far our sample mean is from the hypothesized population mean in terms of standard errors. For this data, the t-score is approximately -1.46.

### Step 6: Find the Critical t-Value
Using a significance level ([tex]\(\alpha\)[/tex]) of 0.10 and 12 degrees of freedom (since [tex]\(n-1 = 12\)[/tex]), the critical t-value for a one-tailed test is about -1.36.

### Step 7: Make the Decision
To make a decision, compare the t-score to the critical t-value:

- Since the calculated t-score of -1.46 is less than the critical t-value of -1.36, we reject the null hypothesis.

### Conclusion
There is enough statistical evidence at the 0.10 level of significance to conclude that the mean body temperature of healthy adults is lower than 98.6°F.

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