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**ACTIVITY 3: Identification Items: Predicting Changes on Earth's Surface**

**Direction:** Read each statement carefully and fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase from the list provided.

**Word List:**
- Lahars
- Crater lakes
- Ecosystem changes
- Ground instability
- Soil fertility
- Infrastructure damage
- New landforms
- Land deformation
- Increased seismic activity
- Volcanic ash

1. Successive earthquakes can lead to significant **ground instability**, causing visible cracks and shifts in the landscape.

2. Repeated volcanic eruptions may create new **landforms** such as mountains, islands, and calderas.

3. Areas affected by earthquakes and eruptions may experience **ecosystem changes** due to the destruction of habitats and changes in species.

4. The combination of volcanic ash and heavy rainfall can create dangerous **lahars** that flow down volcanic slopes.

5. After multiple eruptions, soil may become enriched with nutrients from **volcanic ash**, benefiting future plant growth.

6. The constant shaking from earthquakes can result in increased **ground instability**, making it difficult for buildings and roads to remain safe.

7. New bodies of water, known as **crater lakes**, may form in the depressions created by explosive volcanic activity.

8. As the Earth experiences more earthquakes and eruptions, the likelihood of **land deformation** in nearby areas may also increase.

9. Successive seismic events can lead to significant **infrastructure damage** to homes, bridges, and roads.

10. **Increased seismic activity** can occur in regions with repeated volcanic activity, altering the landscape over time.

**Describe changes on the Earth's surface as a result of an earthquake and volcanic eruptions.**

- Compare an area hit and not hit by an earthquake and volcanic eruptions.
- Predict what will happen to the Earth's surface with the occurrence of successive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- Enumerate what to do before, during, and after an earthquake and volcanic eruptions.
- Create a presentation on what to do before, during, and after an earthquake/volcanic event.

Answer :

Final answer:

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions significantly alter the Earth's surface by causing ground instability, forming new landforms, and resulting in ecosystem changes. Areas directly impacted become drastically different in geography and soil fertility compared to those that are untouched. Predicting future changes involves understanding the risks and preparing with safety protocols.


Explanation:

Changes on the Earth's Surface Due to Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions both significantly alter the landscape of the Earth. They can lead to various changes, including the formation of new landforms, soil fertility enhancement, and ground instability.

Identification of Terms

  1. Successive earthquakes can lead to significant ground instability, causing cracks and shifts in the landscape.
  2. Repeated volcanic eruptions may create new landforms such as mountains, islands, and calderas.
  3. Areas affected by earthquakes and eruptions may experience ecosystem changes, causing visible destruction of habitats and changes in species.
  4. The combination of volcanic ash and heavy rainfall can create dangerous lahars that flow down volcanic slopes.
  5. After multiple eruptions, soil may become enriched with nutrients from volcanic ash, benefiting future plant growth.
  6. The constant shaking from earthquakes can result in infrastructure damage, making it difficult for buildings and roads to remain safe.
  7. New bodies of water, known as crater lakes, may form in the depressions caused by explosive volcanic activity.
  8. As the Earth experiences more earthquakes and eruptions, the likelihood of increased seismic activity in nearby areas may also increase.
  9. Successive seismic events can lead to significant infrastructure damage to homes, bridges, and roads.
  10. Land deformation can occur in regions with repeated volcanic activity, altering the landscape over time.

Changes Comparison

An area hit by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions will typically have altered geography, such as new hills, depressions, and potential new lakes. In contrast, areas that have not experienced such events may remain relatively stable and unchanged, with a distinct and recognizable landscape. These changes not only affect human structures but also animal habitats and plant growth.

Future Predictions

With the occurrence of successive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, we can predict significant landscape alterations, including increased frequency of landslides, potential new volcanic formations, and alterations to water bodies. The soil quality may improve due to volcanic ash, leading to better agricultural prospects, while risk to infrastructure will continue to pose challenges.

Safety Measures

Before, during, and after earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, it’s vital to have clear safety protocols:

  • Before: Prepare emergency kits, have an evacuation plan, and stay informed about local geology.
  • During: Drop, cover, and hold on during an earthquake; evacuate if volcanic ash is present.
  • After: Check for injuries, assess property damage, and stay alert for aftershocks or further eruptions.

Learn more about Earth Surface Changes here:

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