Answer :

Final answer:

To determine the minimum range of a 120mm mortar, specific ballistics data is required, including muzzle velocity and firing angle. The provided examples illustrate the principles of naval gunnery and how projectile motion is affected by various factors, which also apply to the mortar.

Explanation:

While the student question asks about the minimum range of a 120mm mortar, the examples provided relate to the physics of ballistics and projectile motion. To find the minimum range of the mortar, knowledge of its specific ballistics is necessary, which typically includes information on muzzle velocity, firing angles, and other factors.

However, using general principles, we can say that the minimum range is achieved at smaller firing angles, where the projectile is affected most quickly by gravity. For practical purposes, a mortar's minimum range could also depend on safety constraints and the design of the firing apparatus.

Referencing the provided materials on naval gunnery or gun sights, the principles of aiming to compensate for gravity's effects are essential to understand the ballistics of any projectile, whether it's fired from a 120mm mortar or a historical naval gun. The range and accuracy are influenced by factors such as muzzle velocity, angle of projection, gravity, air resistance, and projectile design.

Regarding the example question about a gun sighted at 100m, if aimed directly without adjusting for increased distance, the bullet from a gun with a muzzle velocity of 275 m/s will hit lower when the target is at 150m. This example demonstrates gravity's impact on a bullet's trajectory over different distances.

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