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In 1897, amid a U.S.-British crisis over the Venezuela-British Guiana border dispute, Britain yielded to U.S. arbitration, acknowledging a broader interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine. The dispute was resolved in 1899.
Britain acknowledges American dominance over the Western Hemisphere.
In a border dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, Great Britain consents to U.S. arbitration, averting a potentially disastrous diplomatic crisis between the two countries.
The discovery of gold in eastern British Guiana in 1841 heightened the long-running border conflict between Venezuela and Britain. Venezuela severed diplomatic ties with Great Britain in 1887 after charging that country of encroaching settlements deeper into the disputed territory. Grover Cleveland's government in the United States reacted angrily in 1895 when Britain declined to submit the dispute to American arbitration.
Secretary of State Richard Olney urged U.S. arbitration in July 1895, using a new and expanded interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine. Olney claimed that any dispute in the Western Hemisphere directly touched American interests, and hence the United States had the right to intervene. Olney was rejected by the British prime minister, the Marquis of Salisbury, which led President Cleveland to ask Congress in December 1895 to reject British rule over the disputed area. Both in the British Parliament and the Capitol, there was talk of war, and Congress, supporting the president, established a committee to determine the boundary.
On February 27, 1897, Prime Minister Salisbury issued a conciliation note to the United States acknowledging Cleveland's expansive interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine and consenting to U.S. arbitration. At the same time, Britain was facing rising challenges in South Africa and Europe. After a U.S. panel was established, a border decision that mainly supported Britain's initial claims was made in 1899.
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