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Josiah invests [tex]\$360[/tex] into an account that accrues [tex]3\%[/tex] interest annually. Assuming no deposits or withdrawals are made, which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, [tex]y[/tex], after [tex]x[/tex] years?

A. [tex]y = 360(1.3)^x[/tex]
B. [tex]y = 360(0.3)^x[/tex]
C. [tex]y = 360(0.03)^x[/tex]
D. [tex]y = 360(1.03)^x[/tex]

Answer :

To find the correct equation that represents the amount of money in Josiah's account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years with a 3% annual interest rate, we need to use the formula for compound interest. The formula is:

[tex]\[ y = P(1 + r)^x \][/tex]

Where:
- [tex]\( y \)[/tex] is the amount of money in the account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years.
- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the initial principal balance, which is $360 in this case.
- [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is the annual interest rate expressed as a decimal. Here, 3% becomes 0.03.
- [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is the number of years the money is invested.

Now, let's plug in the values:

1. Identify the principal amount [tex]\( P \)[/tex]: \\
[tex]\( P = 360 \)[/tex]

2. Convert the interest rate from a percentage to a decimal: \\
The annual interest rate [tex]\( r = 3\% = 0.03 \)[/tex].

3. Insert these values into the compound interest formula: \\
[tex]\[ y = 360(1 + 0.03)^x \][/tex]
[tex]\[ y = 360(1.03)^x \][/tex]

Therefore, the equation that represents the amount of money in Josiah's account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years is:

[tex]\[ y = 360(1.03)^x \][/tex]

This matches the fourth option from the given choices: [tex]\( y = 360(1.03)^x \)[/tex].

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