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Practical steam engines utilize 450ºC steam, which is later exhausted at 270ºC. Since 270ºC steam is still quite hot, a second steam engine is sometimes operated using the exhaust of the first.

What is the maximum efficiency of the second engine if its exhaust has a temperature of 150ºC?

Answer :

Final answer:

The theoretical maximum efficiency of the second steam engine, as calculated using the Carnot efficiency formula, is approximately 22%, given the temperatures of the steam and exhaust.

Explanation:

In the context of thermodynamics, the theoretical maximum efficiency of a heat engine (such as your steam engine) is calculated through the Carnot efficiency formula, which is 1- (Tc/Th). Here, Tc is the temperature of the cold reservoir (the exhaust temperature in degrees Kelvin), and Th is the temperature of the hot reservoir (the initial steam's temperature in degrees Kelvin).

In this case, the second steam engine's hot reservoir is the exhaust of the first engine (270ºC = 543.15K), and the cold reservoir is provided in the question (150ºC = 423.15K). So, the maximum efficiency of the second engine would be 1 - (423.15 / 543.15).

Thus, the theoretical maximum efficiency of the second steam engine will be approximately 0.22 or 22%, assuming perfect conditions without any energy loss.

Learn more about Carnot Efficiency here:

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