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Is the data set approximately periodic? If so, what are its period and amplitude?

[tex]
\[
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Day & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
\hline
\begin{tabular}{l}
Cups of \\
Coffee
\end{tabular} & 16 & 30 & 8 & 14 & 28 & 10 & 15 & 31 & 11 & 14 & 29 & 9 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\]
[/tex]

A. Not periodic

B. Periodic with a period of 4 and an amplitude of about 7.5

C. Periodic with a period of 4 and an amplitude of about 10

D. Periodic with a period of 3 and an amplitude of about 10

Answer :

We begin by examining the sequence of cups of coffee recorded over several days:

[tex]$$
\text{Cups} = \{16,\;30,\;8,\;14,\;28,\;10,\;15,\;31,\;11,\;14,\;29,\;9\}
$$[/tex]

A closer look at the data suggests that the values can be split into groups of 4 numbers, which indicates that the data might repeat every 4 days. We thus consider a period of 4.

Next, for each 4-day segment we calculate the amplitude. The amplitude is defined as half the difference between the maximum and minimum values within each cycle.

1. First Segment (Days 1 to 4):
The cups consumed are
[tex]$$
\{16,\,30,\,8,\,14\}.
$$[/tex]
Here, the maximum is [tex]$30$[/tex] and the minimum is [tex]$8$[/tex]. The amplitude is:
[tex]$$
\frac{30 - 8}{2} = 11.
$$[/tex]

2. Second Segment (Days 5 to 8):
The cups consumed are
[tex]$$
\{28,\,10,\,15,\,31\}.
$$[/tex]
Here, the maximum is [tex]$31$[/tex] and the minimum is [tex]$10$[/tex]. The amplitude is:
[tex]$$
\frac{31 - 10}{2} = 10.5.
$$[/tex]

3. Third Segment (Days 9 to 12):
The cups consumed are
[tex]$$
\{11,\,14,\,29,\,9\}.
$$[/tex]
Here, the maximum is [tex]$29$[/tex] and the minimum is [tex]$9$[/tex]. The amplitude is:
[tex]$$
\frac{29 - 9}{2} = 10.
$$[/tex]

To obtain an overall measure of the amplitude, we can average the amplitudes of the segments:

[tex]$$
\text{Average Amplitude} = \frac{11 + 10.5 + 10}{3} \approx 10.5.
$$[/tex]

When rounded to the nearest whole number, the amplitude is about [tex]$10$[/tex].

Thus, the data set is approximately periodic with a period of [tex]$4$[/tex] days and an amplitude of about [tex]$10$[/tex].

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