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Answer :
Final answer:
The Code of Hammurabi introduced the concept of written laws and a standardized code of justice across Hammurabi's Babylonian empire. However, it did not propose the principle of 'equal rights for all citizens', 'trial by jury', or 'executive pardons for criminals'. Hence, 'written laws and a standardized code of justice' is the accurate response to the question.
Explanation:
The Code of Hammurabi is a significant historical entity that introduced the concept of 'written laws and a standardized code of justice'. This pioneer legal code from the Old Babylonian period detailed laws relevant to specific offenses and outlined penalties often slated by social class differences. The code thus standardized justice across Hammurabi’s Babylonian empire.
The Code of Hammurabi is unique for its clarity and the introduction of concepts like the presumption of innocence and the use of evidence. It embraced the principle that 'punishment should fit the crime', a principle later termed lex talionis or 'an eye for an eye' in common parlance. However, the code was skewed towards social class distinction. The code reserved harsher punishments for commoners who committed offenses against nobles, while nobles could expect lighter penalties for offenses committed against commoners. Therefore, it wasn't a code of 'equal rights for all citizens'.
In addition, trial by jury and executive pardons for criminals were not practices introduced by Hammurabi's Code. Thus, the answer to the presented question is: Hammurabi's Code became a model for later law codes because it introduced the idea of 'written laws and a standardized code of justice'.
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