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Answer :
Final answer:
The immediate treatment for a 3-year-old boy with hydrocephalus, fever, enlarged abdomen, tachycardia, and hypotension should include administering antibiotics, considering shunt revision or replacement, and providing supportive measures.
Explanation:
Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure. In children with hydrocephalus and symptoms such as fever, enlarged abdomen, tachycardia, and hypotension, immediate treatment is crucial to prevent further complications.
The symptoms described in the question, including fever, enlarged abdomen, tachycardia, and hypotension, along with the history of hydrocephalus and cerebral shunt, suggest the possibility of shunt malfunction or infection. In this case, immediate treatment should include:
- Administering antibiotics: Antibiotic therapy should be initiated to address the possibility of infection. Infections can occur in the shunt system, leading to symptoms such as fever and abdominal enlargement. The specific choice of antibiotics will depend on the suspected causative organism and local antibiotic resistance patterns.
- Shunt revision or replacement: If shunt malfunction is suspected, the patient may require shunt revision or replacement. Shunt malfunction can lead to increased intracranial pressure and subsequent symptoms such as lethargy, tachycardia, and hypotension. The decision to perform shunt revision or replacement will be made by the healthcare team based on the patient's clinical presentation and imaging findings.
- Supportive measures: The patient should be closely monitored and provided with supportive measures to stabilize their condition. This may include intravenous fluids to address hypotension, close monitoring of vital signs, and appropriate pain management.
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