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Answer :
Final answer:
In comparing mutant strains to the wild type, the wild type typically retains the ability to catabolize lactose, possibly along with certain mutant strains. Mutant strains that lose functional lactose-utilizing genes, like lacZ, likely cannot catabolize lactose. Bacterial conjugation facilitates the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, leading to increased drug resistance in bacterial populations.
Explanation:
Comparison of Mutant Strains and Wild Type
When comparing the proteins of mutant strains to that of the wild type, it is essential to determine which strains can still catabolize lactose. In general, strains that possess functional genes coding for lactose-utilizing enzymes, such as beta-galactosidase, will retain this ability.
a. Strains that Retained the Ability to Catabolize Lactose
The wild type strain typically retains the ability to catabolize lactose. If any mutant strains also show positive results in lactose fermentation tests, they too can be considered as retaining this ability.
b. Strains that Probably Lost the Ability to Catabolize Lactose
Strains that likely lost the ability to catabolize lactose are those that have mutations resulting in the inactivation of lactose-related genes. For example, mutations in the lacZ gene that encodes beta-galactosidase would prevent the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose, thereby inhibiting lactose catabolism.
c. Bacterial Conjugation and Antibacterial Drug Resistance
Bacterial conjugation is a process where two bacterial cells connect and transfer genetic material through a pilus. This horizontal gene transfer can spread antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria, allowing resistant traits to be rapidly disseminated across a population. As a result, some bacteria acquire the ability to survive in the presence of antibiotics, contributing to the growing issue of antibacterial drug resistance.
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