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According to a recent study, [tex]$15 \%$[/tex] of adults who take a certain medication experience side effects. To further investigate this finding, a researcher selects a separate random sample of 150 adults, of which 32 experience side effects. The researcher would like to determine if there is convincing statistical evidence that the true proportion of adults who would experience side effects from this medication is greater than 0.15, using a significance level of [tex]$\alpha=0.05$[/tex].

Complete the "State" and "Plan" steps. Which statements are true? Check all that apply:

- [tex]$H_0: p=0.15$[/tex]
- [tex]$H_a: p\ \textgreater \ 0.15$[/tex]
- The random condition is met.
- The [tex]$10 \%$[/tex] condition is met.
- The large counts condition is met.
- The test is a z-test for one proportion.

Answer :

Let's go through the steps to determine whether there is convincing statistical evidence that the proportion of adults who experience side effects from the medication is greater than 0.15.

State:

First, we define the null and alternative hypotheses for this test:

- [tex]\( H_0: p = 0.15 \)[/tex]
This null hypothesis states that the true proportion of adults who experience side effects is 0.15.

- [tex]\( H_a: p > 0.15 \)[/tex]
The alternative hypothesis claims that the true proportion of adults who experience side effects is greater than 0.15.

We will be conducting this hypothesis test at a significance level of [tex]\( \alpha = 0.05 \)[/tex].

Plan:

Next, we'll determine if the requirements for conducting a hypothesis test for a proportion are met:

1. Random Condition: This condition requires that the sample is randomly selected. It's stated in the problem that a separate random sample of adults is used, so this condition is satisfied.

2. 10% Condition: We need to ensure the sample size is less than 10% of the population to assume independence. Assuming the population of adults taking this medication is large, 150 is less than 10% of such a population if it's over 1,500. Thus, this condition is met.

3. Large Counts Condition: This ensures that the sample is large enough for the sampling distribution of the sample proportion to be approximately normal:
- [tex]\( n \times p_0 \ge 10 \)[/tex] and [tex]\( n \times (1 - p_0) \ge 10 \)[/tex], where [tex]\( n = 150 \)[/tex] and [tex]\( p_0 = 0.15 \)[/tex].

Calculating these:
- [tex]\( 150 \times 0.15 = 22.5 \)[/tex], which is ≥ 10.
- [tex]\( 150 \times (1 - 0.15) = 150 \times 0.85 = 127.5 \)[/tex], which is ≥ 10.

Therefore, the large counts condition is also satisfied.

The data suggests using the test: z-test for one proportion.

Answering the Given Statements:

- [tex]\( H_0: p = 0.15 \)[/tex]: True
- [tex]\( H_a: p < 0.15 \)[/tex]: False (the correct alternative hypothesis is [tex]\( H_a: p > 0.15 \)[/tex])
- The random condition is met: True
- The 10% condition is met: True
- The large counts condition is met: True
- The test is a z-test for one proportion: True

These statements reflect a setup consistent with conducting a hypothesis test using a z-test for one proportion to evaluate if the proportion of adults experiencing side effects is greater than 0.15.

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