4d x² −y² orbital: Principal quantum number 4, d-orbital, lobes along x and y axes, cross-shaped electron density.
The 4d x² −y² orbital is one of the five d-orbitals in the electron configuration of an atom. These orbitals belong to the l=2 azimuthal quantum number, commonly known as the d-orbitals. The 4d x² −y² orbital has a unique shape resembling a cloverleaf or a four-leafed flower.
In this orbital:
4 indicates the principal quantum number (n) which represents the energy level of the orbital. d indicates the type of orbital, in this case, a d-orbital.
x²−y² represents the orientation of the orbital in relation to the coordinate axes. In simple terms, it describes the shape of the orbital. The lobes of the orbital lie along the x and y axes in a cross shape, creating regions of higher and lower electron density.
This orbital is commonly found in atoms with n=4 energy level (for example, in transition metals) and is involved in various chemical bonding and molecular interactions.
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