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Answer :
Final answer:
The two main types of mining are surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining includes techniques like open-pit, strip, and placer mining, which are employed for minerals that are close to the surface. Conversely, underground mining is used for deeper mineral deposits.
Explanation:
Types of Mining
Mining is primarily categorized into two main types: surface mining and underground mining. Each method is suited for extracting different kinds of minerals depending on their location and depth.
1. Surface Mining
Surface mining involves removing the overburden (soil and rock) to access minerals that are close to the earth's surface. It includes various methods such as:
- Open-pit mining: This technique involves digging a large hole in the ground to extract minerals. It is commonly used for mining copper and iron ores.
- Strip mining: In this method, material is removed along a strip or long section of land. It is often used for extracting coal.
- Placer mining: This technique targets minerals found in riverbeds or sandy areas, such as gold, and involves sifting through soil and gravel to find valuable deposits.
2. Underground Mining
As the name suggests, underground mining involves extracting minerals from beneath the earth's surface. This method is necessary when minerals are located far below the surface and cannot be profitably extracted using surface methods.
In summary, mining encompasses both surface and underground techniques, each with its own methods and applications depending on the type of mineral deposit.
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